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Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation (980 nm) and warm air drying (50°C) on shear bond strength between Lithium di-silicate (IPS e.max; Ivoclar) and human dentin using both (Etch & Rinse) adhesive, Adper™ Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) and (Self-etch) adhesive, Single Bond UniversalTM(3M ESPE) before adhesive polymerization. Material and Methods: 54 sound lower molars were sectioned to obtain flat dentinal surfaces. Specimens were divided into 2 equal groups (n=27): Group 1 (ER) and Group 2 (SE) according to bonding approach. Each subgroup was subdivided according to dentin surface treatment into 3 equal subgroups (n=9): Control (Co), Diode laser irradiation (L) and Warm air drying (W). All specimens were adhesively cemented to IPS e.max® CAD discs using RelyX™ Ultimate Clicker™(3M ESPE) resin cement. Samples were then subjected to pre-loading in a thermodynamic manner. All samples were tested for shear bond strength using computer-controlled material testing machine. Data analysis was performed using two-way (ANOVA) (p< 0.05) followed by pair-wise Tukey's post-hoc tests. Results: In (SE) group, the subgroup (W) had the highest shear bond strength values followed by (Co) subgroup and the least was (L) subgroup with statistically significant difference. As for (ER) group, the subgroup (W) had the highest shear bond strength values followed by (Co) subgroup and the least was (L) subgroup with no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Warm air drying for (SE) bonding approach increased shear bond strength of Lithium di-silicate to human dentin and can be introduced as a new effective protocol.(AU)
Objetivo: o objetivo do estudo atual é avaliar o efeito da radiação do laser de diodo (980nm) e secagem de ar quente (50°C) na resistência ao cisalhamento entre dissilicati de Lítio (IPS e.max; Ivoclar) e a dentina humana usando ambos modelos de adesivos (condicionamento total) Adper™ Single Bond e (auto-condicionante) Single Bond Universal™ (3M ESPE), Single Bond UniversalTM (3M ESPE) antes da fotopolimerização. Material e Métodos: 54 segundos molares inferiores foram selecionados para obter superfícies dentinárias planas. Os espécimes foram divididos em 2 grupos iguais (n=27): grupo 1 (ER) e grupo 2 (SE) de acordo com protocolo de adesividade. Cada grupo foi subdividido de acordo com o tratamento de superfície dentro de 3 subgrupos iguais (n=9): Controle (co), irradiação com laser de diodo (L) e secagem com ar quente (W). Todos os espécimes foram adesivamente cimentados a discos de IPS emax CAD usando RelyX Ultimate Clicker (3M ESPE) cimento resinoso. As amostras foram então submetidas a pré-carregamento de forma termodinâmica. Todas as amostras foram testadas para resistência a cisalhamento usando máquina de teste de materiais controlados por computador. A análise de dados foi realizada usando ANOVA dois fatores (p<0.05) seguindo por testes de Tukey pareado como test post-hoc. Resultados: No grupo (SE), o subgrupo (W) apresentou maiores valores de resistência ao cisalhamento seguindo o subgrupo (Co) é o menor foi o subgrupo (L) com diferença estatisticamente significativa. Já para o grupo (Er), o subgrupo (W) apresentou os maiores valores de resistência ao cisalhamento seguido do grupo (Co) e o menor foi o subgrupo (L) sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: a secagem com ar quente para a abordagem de adesividade (Se) aumentou a resistência ao cisalhamento do dissilicato de lítio à dentina humana e poderia ser introduzido como um novo e eficaz protocolo(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dentin-Bonding Agents , Shear Strength , Dentin , Lasers, Solid-StateABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and mechanical properties of Cu-ZnO-loaded dental veneering porcelain to provide an experimental basis for the development of new dental veneering porcelain. @*Methods@#Cu-ZnO nanoparticles were added to IPS E.max Ceram for restorative veneer porcelain at different mass percentages of 0 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, and 6 wt% using ball milling in ceramic powder. A cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was prepared by high-temperature sintering. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphologies of nano-Cu-ZnO and the specimens. The antibacterial effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was quantitatively studied by the plate colony counting method. The CCK-8 method was used to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity of the tested piece to mouse fibroblasts (L929). Live and dead cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The mechanical properties of modified IPS E. Max Ceram veneering porcelain were tested by a three-point bending strength test. @* Results @# Under the scanning electron microscope, Cu-ZnO appears with a block-like structure and can be seen dispersed in the veneering porcelain. When the nano Cu-ZnO loading was 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt%, the antibacterial rates of the specimens were 24.85%, 67.94%, 96.92%, and 99.99%, respectively, and the difference between the experimental groups and the control group was statistically significant (F = 23.308,P = 0.001). The relative growth rate of each group was greater than 80% after coculture with mouse fibroblast cells (L929) for 1 day and 3 days, and there was no significant difference between the groups. The morphology of L929 cells was normal after coculture for 24 hours. With the increase in the Cu-ZnO concentration, the flexural strength of the specimen exhibited an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend. The bending strength of the specimen loaded with 3 wt% nano Cu-ZnO reached the maximum value (84.728 ± 6.82) MPa, and there was no statistically significant difference between groups (F = 0.633,P = 0.702).@*Conclusion@#The antibacterial rate of IPS E. max Ceram veneering porcelain loaded with 3 wt% nano Cu-ZnO was more than 96% against E. coli after high-temperature sintering at 750 ℃. The bending strength reached the maximum (84.728 ± 6.82) MPa, and there was no obvious cytotoxicity.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze mechanical and thermal stresses of hybrid ceramic and lithium disilicate based ceramic of CAD/CAM inlays using 3D Finite element analysis. Material and Methods:A three dimensions finite element model of permanent maxillary premolar designed according to standard anatomy with class II cavity preparation for inlay restored with two different ceramic materials: 1- Hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), 2- Lithium disilicate based ceramic (IPS e.max CAD). Totally six runs were performed on the model as: One loading case for each restorative material was tested in stress analysis; seven points of loading with 140N vertically applied at palatal cusp tip and cusp slop, marginal ridges and central fossa while the models base was fixed as a boundary condition in the two cases. Two thermal analysis cases were performed for each restoration material by applying 5ºC and 55ºC on the crown surface including the restoration surface. Results:The results of all structures were separated from the rest of the model to analyze the magnitude of stress in each component. For each group, maximum stresses on restorative materials, cement, enamel, and dentin were evaluated separately. Both ceramic materials generated similar stress distribution patterns for all groups when a total occlusal load of 140 N was applied. Conclusion: Thermal fluctuations of temperature have a great influence on the stresses induced on both restoration and tooth structure. IPS e.max CAD produced more favorable stresses on the tooth structure than Vita Enamic. (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o estresse mecânico e térmico de inlays de cerâmica hibrida e a base de dissilicato de lítio através da análise em 3D de elementos finitos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado o design de um modelo de três dimensões em elementos finitos de um pré-molar superior de acordo com os padrões anatômicos de um preparo de cavidade classe II para restauração de inlay em dois tipos de cerâmicas diferentes: 1 Cerâmica hibrida (Vita Enamic), 2 Cerâmica a base de dissilicato de lítio (IPS e.max CAD). No total, seis execuções foram realizadas no modelo como: Uma carga para cada material restaurador foi testado para análise de tensão; sete pontos de carga com 140N foi aplicado verticalmente na ponta da cúspide palatina, saliência da cúspide, cristas marginais e fossa central enquanto a base do modelo foi fixada como uma condição de limite nos dois casos. Duas análises térmicas foram realizadas para cada material de restauração, aplicando 5ºC e 55ºC na superfície da coroa, incluindo a superfície da restauração. Resultados: Os resultados de todas as estruturas foram separados do resto do modelo para analisar a magnitude do estresse de cada componente. Para cada grupo, o máximo de estresse nos materiais restauradores, cemento, esmalte e dentina foram avaliados separadamente. Padrões similares de distribuição de estresse foram gerados em todos os grupos para ambos os materiais cerâmicos, quando a carga oclusal de 140 N foi aplicada. Conclusão: As variações térmicas de temperatura têm uma grande influência nas tensões induzidas na restauração e na estrutura dentária. IPS e.max CAD produziu tensões mais favoráveis na estrutura dentária do que o Vita Enamic (AU)
Subject(s)
Bicuspid , Finite Element Analysis , Dental Cavity Preparation , Dental Cementum , Dental Enamel , DentinABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the color effect of esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth restored with the minimal and no-preparation veneers and to analyze the influence factors of satisfaction. Methods: 30 patients were divided into group A (9 patients with tetracycline discoloured teeth treated with 72 veneers) and group B (21 patients with non-tetracycline teeth treated with 66 veneers) . All the selected teeth were restored with the minimal and non-preparation veneers. Before the teeth were prepared and after veneers were cemented, Olympus Crystaleye was employed to obtain L*, a*, b*values of each tooth. The shade was selected according to the patients' expectation and dentist's advice. The color difference (ΔE) before and after restoration of group A and group B, the color difference (ΔE1) between the tooth color after restoration and the expectation color of the patients, the relationship of the satisfaction degree and the color difference (ΔE1), the lightness difference (ΔL*), Δa*and Δb*were analyzed by SPSS 20. 0. Results: After cemented, the color of teeth-veneer-complex obviously improved in both groups. The color difference (ΔE1) between the tooth color before and after restoration, and the expected color between the 2 group was significant (P ＜ 0. 05) . ΔE1, ΔL*, Δa*had great influence on the satisfaction of dentists and patients (P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion: The appearance of non-tetracycline teeth restored with the minimal and no-preparation veneers was excellent. The more of the color of the teeth-veneer-complex matched the expectation color, the higher the patients are satisfied with the restorations. The less of the lightness difference, the higher the patients are satisfied with the restorations.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: the clinical success of a restoration is strongly associated with the quality and durability of the ceramic-cement resin interface. In order to obtain an adequate union between these materials of different nature surface treatments are used and achieve mechanical retention or chemical interaction. Objectives: to check if any method promotes a true chemical bond between lithium disilicate ceramics and resin cement. As well as determineif there is any treatment that reports bonding values comparable to hydrofluoric acid and silane (gold standard). Methods: a systematic literature review was developed based on the PRISMA strategy, where the databases were searched: Science Direct, Pubmed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Springer Journal, SciELO with MeSH and free terms from 2005 to November 2016 for articles in English and Spanish on surface treatments for lithium disilicate. Results: from 58 publications selected a sample of 21 articles. Two articles reported high risk of bias. Conclusions: hydrofluoric acid and silane continue to be the method with the highest and most reliable adhesion values in the literature. Universal adhesives are an alternative to promote chemical adhesion additional to the silane. Diamond burs, Nd: YAG and Er: YAG laser are not recommended as surface treatments(AU)
Introducción: el éxito clínico de una restauración se asocia fuertemente a la calidad y duración de la interface cerámica-cemento resinoso. Para que exista una adecuada unión entre estos materiales de distinta naturaleza se emplean tratamientos de superficie para lograr una buena retención mecánica o interacción química. Objetivos: revisar si algún método promueve una verdadera adhesión química entre la cerámica de disilicato de litio y el cemento resinoso, así como determinar si existe algún tratamiento que reporte valores de unión comparables al ácido fluorhídrico y silano (patrón de oro). Métodos: se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura basada en la estrategia PRISMA, donde se buscó en las bases de datos: Science Direct, Pubmed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Springer Journal, SciELO con términos MeSH y libres desde el 2005 a noviembre de 2016 para artículos en inglés y español sobre tratamientos de superficie para disilicato de litio. Resultados: de 58 publicaciones, se seleccionó una muestra de 21 artículos. Dos artículos reportaron riesgo de sesgo alto. Conclusiones: el ácido fluorhídrico y silano continúan siendo el método con los valores de adhesión más altos y confiables de la literatura. Los adhesivos universales son una alternativa para promover adhesión química adicional al silano. Fresas diamantadas, laser Nd: YAG y Er:YAG no se recomienda como tratamientos de superficie(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Review Literature as Topic , Ceramics/adverse effects , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Self-Curing of Dental Resins/methods , Hydrofluoric Acid/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Objective @#To investigate different Er:YAG laser power settings on the bonding properties of IPS e.max CAD ceramics. @*Methods@# 96 IPS e.max CAD ceramics blocks (5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 12), the untreated blocks served as the control, while one of the experimental groups was treated with 4.5% HF for 20 seconds, six remaining test group (C、D、E、F、G、H) were treated with different Er: YAG laser power settings: 100 mJ、200 mJ、300 mJ、400 mJ、500 mJ and 600 mJ. Morphology of the ceramic surface was observed by atomic force microscopy and its shear bond strength (SBS) was tested. @*Results @#Higher shear bond strength values were found in group C-H compared to group B, the highest is group F (24.12 ± 1.91) MPa. The difference was statistically significant. The atomic force microscope observation of the surface structure showed that the control group was smooth and flat, and the HF-like etching group formed a uniform needle-like convex structure. The laser group gradually formed a regularly arranged cylindrical convex structure, in which the surface of the G and H groups was damaged. @*Conclusion @#The Er: YAG laser power settings of 400 mJ can be used as an effective pretreatment method before bonding of IPS e.max CAD ceramic.
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Objective@#o study the effect of cleaning treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF) on the surface and bonding strength of IPS e.max and Vita Mark II ceramic inlays. @*Methods@#Fifty pieces of IPS e.max and Vita Mark II ceramic inlay specimens were made separately using CAD/CAM. After uniformly bonding surfaces using 9% HF etching, they were randomly divided into an untreated control group (group A) and the following experimental groups: neutralizing powder (B group), 37% phosphoric acid (group C), ultrasonic cleaning (group D) and neutralizing powder + 37% phosphoric acid + ultrasonic cleaning (group E). Each set of 8 specimens was bonded to Variolink N resin adhesive under standard conditions. The shear adhesive strength was measured after exposure to a constant-temperature water bath at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The location of the fracture and the type of adhesion failure were recorded. The shear adhesion and the average strength of the connection were analyzed. The remaining 2 specimens were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology, including the crystal structure, pore pattern, and residue.@*Results @# The results were similar for the IPS e.max and Vita Mark II inlays. The maximum bond strength was observed in the IPS e.max ceramic inlays in group E, with an average bond strength 11.96 MPa higher than that in group A. Among the Vita Mark II porcelain inlays, the maximum bond strength was observed in group E. The average bond strength was 9.74 MPa higher than that in group A. The results of the statistical analysis were similar for the IPS e.max and Vita Mark II porcelain inlays, with significant differences in the bond strengths between groups C, D, and E and the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the adhesive strength between groups B and A. At the same time, there was no significant difference in the bond strength between the treatment groups B, C, D, and E (P > 0.05). SEM revealed that the pores on the surface of ceramics subjected to the acid etching treatment were broadened and uniform, with less residue than observed in the control group. The effects of treatments D and E were the best. @*Conclusion@#The HF etching treatment can enhance the bonding strength of IPS e.max and Vita Mark Ⅱ ceramic inlays while leaving little residue, and the joint strength is highest when the joints are treated together.
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Objective@#To investigate different Er:YAG laser power settings on the bonding properties of IPS e.max CAD ceramics. @*Methods @# 96 IPS e.max CAD ceramics blocks (5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 12), the untreated blocks served as the control, while one of the experimental groups was treated with 4.5% HF for 20 seconds, six remaining test group (C、D、E、F、G、H) were treated with different Er: YAG laser power settings: 100 mJ、200 mJ、300 mJ、400 mJ、500 mJ and 600 mJ. Morphology of the ceramic surface was observed by atomic force microscopy and its shear bond strength (SBS) was tested. @*Results @#Higher shear bond strength values were found in group C-H compared to group B, the highest is group F (24.12 ± 1.91) MPa. The difference was statistically significant. The atomic force microscope observation of the surface structure showed that the control group was smooth and flat, and the HF-like etching group formed a uniform needle-like convex structure. The laser group gradually formed a regularly arranged cylindrical convex structure, in which the surface of the G and H groups was damaged. @*Conclusion@# The Er: YAG laser power settings of 400 mJ can be used as an effective pretreatment method before bonding of IPS e.max CAD ceramic.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of anterior teeth repair of three different restorations made of Co-Cr alloy,Ag-Pd alloy and all-ceramic crowns.Methods 90 cases who needed the both maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth restarations were selected and treated respectively with Co-Cr alloy porcelain fused to metal crowns (PFM)(60 teeth),Ag-Pd alloy PFM (46 teeth)and IPS e.max Press Porcelain full crown (38 teeth).Gingival index was observed before restoration and in 6 and 12 months after restoration.Meanwhile,clinical indicators of two restorations were evaluated as cervical margin's coloration,margin fitness degree,color of restorations,fracture of restorations and contour of restorations,etc.Results The healthy condition of gingiva in groups of Ag-Pd alloy PFM and IPS e.max Press Porcelain full crown were superior to the group of Co-Cr alloy PFM (P＜0.05).There was no cervical margin's coloration in groug of all-ceramic PFM.The color and contour of this group was superior to the group of Co-Cr alloy PFM (P ＜0.05).The significant difference between group of Co Cr alloy and group of Ag-Pd alloy was cervical margin's coloration and marginal density of the restoration (P＜0.05).Conclusions The clinical effects of both groups of Ag-Pd alloy PFM and IPS e.max Press Porcelain full crown is superior to the group of Co-Cr alloy PFM.The IPS e.max Press Porcelain full crown group works best.
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Objetivo: comparar la adaptación marginal In Vitro de incrustaciones MOD con terminación en esmalte fabricadas con IPS e.max CAD (Computer Asisted Desing) y fabricadas en oro tipo III. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio experimental exploratorio se uso una muestra no probabilística de 15 premolares sanos por cada uno de los dos grupos; IPS e.max CAD y oro tipo III.A todos los premolares se les realizó cavidades MOD estandarizadas para los 2 grupos. Los dientes preparados fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cada grupo. Las incrustaciones del grupo IPS e.max CAD fueron elaboradas con el sistema CEREC 3 y las incrustaciones en oro fueron elaboradas por los investigadores. Se tomaron estereo microfotografías de todas las muestras sobre papel milimetrado, y las imágenes fueron analizadas mediante el programa ImageTool. Se tomaron tres medidas adaptación marginal en el área proximal mesial o distal de cada muestra, que fueron promediadas y reportadas en micras. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA y Test de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: el 98% del total de las incrustaciones en oro y el 47% del total de las incrustaciones de IPS e.max CAD presentaron una adaptación marginal < a 120 micras. El promedio de desadaptación marginal del grupo IPS e.max CAD fue 122.8 μ + 44.1, mientras que para el grupo oro fue de 75.3 μ+42,6 encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos. Conclusiones: El oro reporta mejor adaptación marginal en restauraciones inlays MOD que los sistemas maquinados como el sistema IPS e.max CAD.
Objective: To compare In Vitro, the marginal adaptation of MOD fillings with an enamel finish manufactured with IPS e.max CAD (Computer Assisted Design) and those manufactured with gold type III. Materials and methods: In this exploratory experimental study, a non-probabilistic sample of 15 healthy premolars for each of the two groups (IPS e.max CAD and gold type III) was used. Standardized MOD cavities were made in all the premolars for both groups. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned to each group. The IPS e.max CAD fillings were made using the CEREC 3 system and the gold fillings were made by the researchers. Stereo microphotographs of all the samples were taken on millimeter paper and the images were analyzed using the Image Tool software. Three marginal adaptation measurements in the mesial proximal or distal area were taken for every sample; they were averaged and reported in microns. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: 98% of all the gold fillings and 47% of all the IPS e.max CAD fillings showed a marginal adaptation of less than or equal to 120 microns. The marginal unfitness average for the IPD e.max CAD group was 122.8 + 44.1 μm, and for the gold fillings group it was 75.3 + 42.6 μm. There was a statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Gold reports a better marginal adaptation for inlay MOD fillings than manufactured systems like IPS e.max CAD system.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Esthetics, Dental , Inlays , Dental Restoration, PermanentABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of IPSe. max press ceramic endocrowns being used in preserving endodontically treated molars. Methods Forty-five endodontically treated molars were selected from 45 patients in this study. All the molars had been endodontically treated and performed with ultrasonic scaling. After 1-2 weeks, the crowns and pulp chambers were prepared. The impressions and master casts were gained and IPSe. max press ceramic endocrowns were fabricated in the lab. The endocrowns were cemented with resin cement. The further consultations were offered to these molars after 6 months and 1 year. The difference of sulcus bleeding index among these endodontically treated molars and the same teeth in the opposite sides was compared. Results In these cases, 100 % of endocrowns were